顾及残余信噪比差异的地基GNSS反射干涉信号冰期探测法

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2024.20230338

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球导航卫星系统干涉反射测量技术（GNSS-IR）因其成本低、时空采样高等特点，在陆地、海洋表面参数探测方面展现出巨大的潜力。然而，GNSS-IR应用于冰期探测的研究还少有提及，且已有方法受反射面特性及导航信号差异性影响无法实现多系统和多频段有效探测。针对此，本文从反射信号建模、仿真分析和反射面介电常数、粗糙度方面深入探讨了反射信号在冰、水反射面场景下的差异，提出了一种基于残余信噪比外包络线积分的功率因子参数进行冰期探测的方法。试验选取了双王城水库大坝GNSS测站进行方法验证和对比。结果表明：残余信噪比的振幅和衰减变化受反射面介电常数、粗糙度、信号频率以及冰层厚度影响较大；基于振幅因子和衰减因子的冰期探测方法展现出明显的信号间差异性，且对结冰敏感性受粗糙度影响较大，单一因子无法实现全频段冰期探测；本文提出的功率因子参数在结冰前后，基于BDS和GPS全频段数据均呈现显著差异，证实了本文方法的有效性和高稳健性。本文研究也进一步提升了GNSS-IR技术对近地表监测的能力。

关键词: GNSS, GNSS-IR, 反射信号, 冰期探测, 信噪比, 双王城水库

Abstract:

The GNSS interferometry reflectometry (GNSS-IR) is a promising technique for retrieving land and ocean surface parameters due to its cost-effectiveness and high sampling resolution. Despite its potential, GNSS-IR's application in ice detection during freezing periods has been largely unexplored, with existing methods hindered by surface property and signal variation effects. This paper addresses these challenges by examining the differences in reflected signals from ice and water through modeling and simulation based on dielectric constants and surface roughness. We introduce a novel ice detection method using the power factor parameter, derived from the envelope integration of residual signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Validation experiments using data from the Shuangwangcheng Reservoir Dam GNSS station show that the proposed method is sensitive to surface dielectric properties, roughness, frequency, and ice thickness. The power factor method demonstrates effectiveness and robustness across BDS and GPS data for all frequency bands, offering a reliable approach for ice detection that enhances GNSS reflectometry technology's monitoring capabilities.

Key words: GNSS, GNSS-IR, reflected signals, ice period detection, SNR, Shuangwangcheng reservoir

中图分类号:

P227

宋敏峰, 何秀凤, 王笑蕾. 顾及残余信噪比差异的地基GNSS反射干涉信号冰期探测法[J]. 测绘学报, 2024, 53(12): 2295-2304.

Minfeng SONG, Xiufeng HE, Xiaolei WANG. Ground-based GNSS-IR ice period detection considering residual signal-to-noise ratio characteristics[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2024, 53(12): 2295-2304.

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周期	L1C（0.190 3 m）		L2C（0.244 2 m）		L5（0.254 8 m）
周期		ξ		ξ		ξ
1	0.034	0.033	0.041	0.043	0.045	0.043
2	0.068	0.066	0.084	0.088	0.092	0.088