GPS/Galileo/BDS重叠频率多路径误差分析及建模

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20240316

测绘学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (8): 1427-1438.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20240316

GPS/Galileo/BDS重叠频率多路径误差分析及建模

陈洋溢¹(), 郑凯¹^,²(), 张小红³, 吴明魁⁴, 王鹏旭¹, 付文举¹, 刘克中¹^,²

^1.武汉理工大学航运学院，湖北　武汉　430063
^2.武汉理工大学国家水运安全工程技术研究中心，湖北　武汉　430063
^3.武汉大学中国南极测绘研究中心，湖北　武汉　430079
^4.中国地质大学（武汉）地理与信息工程学院，湖北　武汉　430078

收稿日期:2024-08-01 修回日期:2025-07-10 出版日期:2025-09-16 发布日期:2025-09-16
通讯作者: 郑凯 E-mail:yychen@whut.edu.cn;kzheng@whut.edu.cn
作者简介:陈洋溢（2001—），女，硕士生，研究方向为GNSS精密定位。E-mail：yychen@whut.edu.cn
基金资助:
湖北省自然科学基金(2025AFB652);国家自然科学基金(42104015)

GPS/Galileo/BDS overlapping frequencies multipath error analysis and modeling

Yangyi CHEN¹(), Kai ZHENG¹^,²(), Xiaohong ZHANG³, Mingkui WU⁴, Pengxu WANG¹, Wenju FU¹, Kezhong LIU¹^,²

^1.School of Navigation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
^2.National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
^3.School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
^4.School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China

Received:2024-08-01 Revised:2025-07-10 Online:2025-09-16 Published:2025-09-16
Contact: Kai ZHENG E-mail:yychen@whut.edu.cn;kzheng@whut.edu.cn
About author:CHEN Yangyi (2001—), female, postgraduate, majors in GNSS precise positioning. E-mail: yychen@whut.edu.cn
Supported by:
The Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2025AFB652);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42104015)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多径误差是影响GNSS精密定位的主要未模型化误差之一。当前，单系统多径半天球网格模型（MHM）受卫星轨道重复周期和数据量限制，模型空间覆盖范围有限且建模效率较低。因此，本文联合GPS、Galileo和BDS重叠频率数据构建多系统融合MHM模型，并通过短基线实测数据分析了短时间多径建模的效果。结果表明，三系统重叠频率多径误差具有一致的空间分布特征，利用连续4 d历史数据构建的融合模型，其数据覆盖率（网格内残差数目大于30的网格占总网格的比例）高于单系统10 d数据构建的模型。系统间重叠频率多径模型具有较好的互操作性，采用重叠网格评估方法，系统间模型互改后，多径修正率为30%~45%，而多系统融合模型对GPS、Galileo和BDS的多径修正率分别约为60%、46%和48%。此外，短时间构建的多系统融合多径模型相较于单系统多径模型，基线精度可提升10%~20%，与长时间单系统多径模型修正效果相当；然而，与GPS单系统多径模型相比，修正效果差异并不显著。

关键词: GNSS, 多径误差, MHM, 重叠频率, 多频多系统

Abstract:

Multipath error is one of the primary unmodeled errors affecting GNSS precise positioning. Currently, the multipath hemispherical map (MHM) model generated by single system is limited by satellite orbit period and data volume, leading to restricted data coverage and low modeling efficiency. Therefore, this paper constructs an integrated multi-system MHM model by combining overlapping frequency data from GPS, Galileo, and BDS. The effectiveness of the short-term fusion model for multipath correction is evaluated with short-baseline data. The results show that the multipath error of the overlapping frequency for the three systems exhibits consistent spatial distribution characteristics, and the data coverage (the proportion of grids with more than 30 residuals within the total grids) of the three-system fusion model constructed with 4-day data is higher than that of the model built with 10-day data of a single system. The multipath models with overlapping frequency between systems has good interoperability. After using an overlapping grid evaluation method, the inter-system multipath correction rate is approximately 30%~45%. The correction rates of the three-system fusion model for GPS, Galileo, and BDS are approximately 60%、46%, and 48%, respectively. Additionally, the multi-system fusion model, constructed in a short time, can enhance positioning accuracy by approximately 10%~20% compared to single-system models, which is comparable to those of single-system multipath models built with long-term data. However, the difference in the multipath correction effect between the GPS single-system model and the multi-system fusion model is not significant.

Key words: GNSS, multipath error, MHM, overlapping frequencies, multi-frequency

中图分类号:

P228

陈洋溢, 郑凯, 张小红, 吴明魁, 王鹏旭, 付文举, 刘克中. GPS/Galileo/BDS重叠频率多路径误差分析及建模[J]. 测绘学报, 2025, 54(8): 1427-1438.

Yangyi CHEN, Kai ZHENG, Xiaohong ZHANG, Mingkui WU, Pengxu WANG, Wenju FU, Kezhong LIU. GPS/Galileo/BDS overlapping frequencies multipath error analysis and modeling[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2025, 54(8): 1427-1438.

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系统组合	1 575.42 MHz	1 176.45 MHz	模型
GPS	L1	L5	MHM_G
Galileo	E1	E5a	MHM_E
BDS	B1C	B2a	MHM_C
GPS/Galileo/BDS	L1/E1/B1C	L5/E5a/B2a	MHM_GEC

系统组合	L1/E1/B1C		L5/E5a/B2a
系统组合	Mean	STD	Mean	STD
GPS	-16.0	7.8	15.5	5.7
Galileo	-12.5	7.1	16.4	9.3
BDS	-12.4	7.2	17.8	6.7
GPS/Galileo/BDS	-14.5	7.7	16.1	6.8

模型	GPS		Galileo		BDS
模型	L1	L5	E1	E5a	B1C	B2a
MHM_G	99.1	99.0	36.2	24.1	37.4	21.2
MHM_E	70.5	69.9	61.4	61.3	68.8	68.6
MHM_C	74.7	74.9	71.2	71.2	74.9	75.0
MHM_GEC	99.7	99.7	88.7	87.7	91.4	90.2

模型	GPS			Galileo			BDS			GEC
模型	E	N	U	E	N	U	E	N	U	E	N	U
MHM_G	90.6	88.5	92.6	33.2	23.1	28.9	30.5	16.2	17.3	52.6	35.8	30.6
MHM_E	56.7	54.4	56.9	57.8	45.4	57.7	57.3	46.4	41.2	63.4	51.7	42.9
MHM_C	63.2	59.8	50.5	63.1	49.6	65.9	63.4	57.3	44.3	68.4	53.3	40.8
MHM_GEC	87.9	83.8	86.6	79.7	66.9	75.5	64.5	62.0	64.3	84.2	74.9	69.2

GPS/Galileo/BDS重叠频率多路径误差分析及建模

GPS/Galileo/BDS overlapping frequencies multipath error analysis and modeling

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