面向“数据-场景-模式”驱动的卫星重力技术研究进展、挑战与趋势

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20250274

测绘学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (9): 1537-1560.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20250274

• 综述 • 下一篇

面向“数据-场景-模式”驱动的卫星重力技术研究进展、挑战与趋势

李建成¹(), 吴云龙²(), 姚宜斌³, 罗志才⁴

^1.中南大学，湖南　长沙　410083
^2.中国地质大学（武汉）地理与信息工程学院，湖北　武汉　430074
^3.武汉大学测绘学院，湖北　武汉　430079
^4.华中科技大学国家精密重力测量科学中心，湖北　武汉　430074

收稿日期:2025-07-08 修回日期:2025-09-15 出版日期:2025-10-10 发布日期:2025-10-10
通讯作者: 吴云龙 E-mail:jcli@whu.edu.cn;wuyunlong@cug.edu.cn
作者简介:李建成（1964—），男，教授，中国工程院院士，研究方向为卫星大地测量学和物理大地测量学。E-mail：jcli@whu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42192530)

Satellite gravity technology oriented towards data-scenario-model driven approach: developments, challenges and outlook

Jiancheng LI¹(), Yunlong WU²(), Yibing YAO³, Zhicai LUO⁴

^1.Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
^2.School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
^3.School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
^4.National Gravitation Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

Received:2025-07-08 Revised:2025-09-15 Online:2025-10-10 Published:2025-10-10
Contact: Yunlong WU E-mail:jcli@whu.edu.cn;wuyunlong@cug.edu.cn
About author:LI Jiancheng (1964—), male, professor, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, majors in satellite geodesy and physical geodesy. E-mail: jcli@whu.edu.cn
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42192530)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

卫星重力测量技术作为现代大地测量学的重要突破，凭借其对地球表层和浅层物质质量变化的整体响应能力，已广泛应用于大地测量、水文循环、冰川消融、海平面变化和构造变形等关键领域。本文系统梳理了自CHAMP、GRACE到GRACE-FO以及中国重力卫星的任务发展与技术演进，聚焦下一代重力卫星计划，以及国际在研的新型量子重力任务的前沿趋势。在此基础上，全面总结了卫星重力数据从Level-0到Level-3的处理流程、关键反演方法、科学产品构建，及其在陆地水文、冰川、海洋、地震和高程基准构建中的典型应用。梳理分享了我国卫星重力应用体系当前所面临的数据质量限制、多源信号分离难题、人工智能模型可解释性不足及学科融合障碍等主要挑战，提出未来应加强“数据-场景-模式”协同创新，推动多源卫星组网与高精度建模，服务国家战略需求和全球可持续发展。

关键词: 卫星重力技术, 中国重力卫星, 量子重力卫星

Abstract:

Satellite gravimetry, as a major breakthrough in modern geodesy, has demonstrated strong capabilities in capturing mass variations in the Earth's surface and subsurface layers. It has been widely applied in critical fields such as geodetic surveying, hydrological cycle monitoring, glacier mass balance, sea level change, and tectonic deformation. This study systematically reviews the evolution of gravity satellite missions from CHAMP and GRACE to GRACE-FO and Chinese gravity satellite programs, with a particular focus on next-generation satellite gravimetry missions and emerging trends in quantum-based gravity satellite concepts. Based on this, the study comprehensively summarizes the data processing pipeline from Level-0 to Level-3, key inversion methodologies, and science product development. Application cases are presented across hydrology, cryosphere, oceanography, seismology, and geoid refinement. Furthermore, major challenges in China's current gravimetry application system are identified, including data quality limitations, multi-source signal separation, lack of interpretability in AI-based models, and barriers to interdisciplinary integration. Finally, the study calls for synergistic innovation driven by “data-scenario-model” integration to support multi-satellite networks and high-precision modeling in service of national strategic needs and global sustainable development.

Key words: satellite gravimetry technology, Chinese gravity satellite, quantum gravity satellite

中图分类号:

P223

李建成, 吴云龙, 姚宜斌, 罗志才. 面向“数据-场景-模式”驱动的卫星重力技术研究进展、挑战与趋势[J]. 测绘学报, 2025, 54(9): 1537-1560.

Jiancheng LI, Yunlong WU, Yibing YAO, Zhicai LUO. Satellite gravity technology oriented towards data-scenario-model driven approach: developments, challenges and outlook[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2025, 54(9): 1537-1560.

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	GAO Chunchun, LU Yang, SHI Hongling, et al. Combination of GRACE and ICESat data sets to estimate Antarctica glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA)[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2016, 59(11): 4007-4021.
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	ZHENG Wei. Theory and methodology of Earth's gravitational field recovery based on satellite gravity measurement[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2007.

数据处理级别	数据产品/工具名	平台名	发布源
L3	Land Water-Equivalent-Thickness/Ocean Bottom Pressure	PODAAC	https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/
L3	Mascon	PODAAC	https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/
L4	Antarctica/Greenland/Ocean Mass Anomaly	PODAAC	https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/
L4	GRACE（-FO）Data Analysis Tool	JPL	https://grace.jpl.nasa.gov/data/data-analysis-tool/
L3	Mascon	CSR	https://www2.csr.utexas.edu/grace/
L3	Mascon	GSFC	https://earth.gsfc.nasa.gov/geo/data/grace-mascons
L4	Trend	GSFC	https://earth.gsfc.nasa.gov/geo/data/grace-mascons
L4	Mascon Visualization Tool	CCAR	https://ccar.colorado.edu/grace/
L4	3D Visualisation	ICGEM	https://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/g3
L3/L4	Terrestrial Water Storage/Groundwater Storage/Ocean Bottom Pressure	GravIS	https://gravis.gfz.de/home
L4	The COST-G Plotter	COST-G	https://plot.cost-g.org/

应用领域		大地水准面/cm	重力异常/mGal	空间分辨率（半波长）/km
大地测量学	GPS水准	～1		100～1000
	统一高程水准	<5		50～100
	惯性导航系统		1～5	100～1000
	精密定轨		1～3	100～1000
固体地球物理学	地质构造移动		1～2	100～500
固体地球物理学	地震灾害		～1	100～1000
海洋学	小尺度	1～2		60～250
海洋学	洋盆尺度	<1		1000
冰川学	冰川的垂直运动	～2	1～5	50～200
水资源学	地表水/地下水		0.5～1	100～500

面向“数据-场景-模式”驱动的卫星重力技术研究进展、挑战与趋势

Satellite gravity technology oriented towards data-scenario-model driven approach: developments, challenges and outlook

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