Abstract:

A key scientific question for the large-scale operation of the low-altitude economy is how to establish a continuous, reliable, and controllable spatio-temporal cognition framework for low-altitude space under infrastructure-degraded conditions-where external communication, navigation, and other support systems are intermittent or unavailable-so as to enable intelligent perception, safe regulation, and sustainable governance of low-altitude airspace. To address this question, this paper proposes and systematically elaborates a low-altitude spatio-temporal support framework structured around three components: unmanned autonomous surveying and mapping as the foundational driver, the low-altitude digital-intelligent brain as the core hub, and the self-sustaining capability of low-altitude unmanned systems as the safety baseline. The paper analyzes the underlying logic of “data-driven input-platform-level empowerment-capability-level safeguarding” among the three components, and clarifies the dual role of unmanned autonomous surveying and mapping in the low-altitude economy: it serves simultaneously as the primary data source enabling the low-altitude digital-intelligent brain to achieve high-real-time situational awareness and intelligent scheduling, and as the intrinsic capability foundation allowing low-altitude unmanned systems to maintain safe and autonomous operation under infrastructure-degraded conditions. Building on this, the paper systematically presents the “1+2+3+N” overall architecture of the low-altitude digital-intelligent brain, the five-dimensional self-sustaining capability of low-altitude unmanned systems, and the development trends of swarm intelligence oriented toward large-scale operations. This paper argues that unmanned autonomous surveying and mapping is not a peripheral supporting tool for the low-altitude economy, but rather the critical link connecting low-altitude infrastructure with low-altitude intelligent agents-its capability boundary directly determining the safety baseline of the low-altitude economic operating system. The findings offer a theoretical framework and methodological reference for the intelligent development and systematic governance of low-altitude space.

Key words: low-altitude economy, low-altitude space development and utilization, autonomous surveying and mapping, low-altitude digital-intelligent brain, low-altitude unmanned systems