环境负载对川滇地区GNSS观测站三维坐标时间序列非线性变化的影响

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20240397

测绘学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (5): 805-818.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20240397

环境负载对川滇地区GNSS观测站三维坐标时间序列非线性变化的影响

胡顺强¹(), 陈克杰²^,³(), 贺小星⁴, 朱海², 王坦⁵

^1.江西师范大学鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室，江西　南昌　330022
^2.南方科技大学地球与空间科学系，广东　深圳　518055
^3.地震预测与风险评估应急管理部重点实验室，广东　深圳　518055
^4.江西理工大学土木与测绘工程学院，江西　赣州　341000
^5.中国地震台网中心，北京　100045

收稿日期:2024-09-23 修回日期:2025-04-11 出版日期:2025-06-23 发布日期:2025-06-23
通讯作者: 陈克杰 E-mail:husq@jxnu.edu.cn;chenkj@sustech.edu.cn
作者简介:胡顺强（1991—），男，博士，研究方向为GNSS坐标时间序列分析。E-mail：husq@jxnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
江西省重点研发计划(2024BBI91033);国家自然科学基金(42364002)

The impact of environmental loading on nonlinear variations of 3D coordinate time series of GNSS stations in Sichuan and Yunnan region

Shunqiang HU¹(), Kejie CHEN²^,³(), Xiaoxing HE⁴, Hai ZHU², Tan WANG⁵

^1.Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
^2.Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
^3.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Forecasting and Risk Assessment, Ministry of Emergency Management, Shenzhen 518055, China
^4.School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
^5.China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing 100045, China

Received:2024-09-23 Revised:2025-04-11 Online:2025-06-23 Published:2025-06-23
Contact: Kejie CHEN E-mail:husq@jxnu.edu.cn;chenkj@sustech.edu.cn
About author:HU Shunqiang (1991—), male, PhD, majors in GNSS coordinate time series analysis.　E-mail: husq@jxnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Key Research and Development Program Project of Jiangxi Province(2024BBI91033);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42364002)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究GNSS坐标时间序列中的非线性变化，有助于获得高精度GNSS速度场，对建立和维持动态地球参考框架等高精度地球动力学研究具有重要意义。本文以川滇地区2011—2022年的94个GNSS观测站坐标时序为例，分别使用德国波茨坦地学中心（GFZ）和国际质量负荷服务（IMLS）的环境负载产品（水文负载、大气负载及非潮汐海洋负载产品）分析GNSS三维坐标时序中的非线性变化，并使用环境负载产品改正前后均方根值（RMS）变化量的百分比（PRMS）进行定量评价，最后使用独立分量分析法（ICA）分离垂向坐标时列中的非线性变化信号。结果表明，IMLS环境负载产品改正效果整体优于GFZ环境负载产品。经IMLS环境负载产品改正后水文负载和大气负载能够有效改正GNSS垂向坐标时序中的非线性变化，PRMS平均值分别为8.66%和6.74%。在N分量上水文负载能够削弱GNSS坐标时序中的非线性变化，PRMS平均值为2.07%；大气负载改正会导致非线性变化增大，PRMS平均值为－0.22%。在E分量上水文负载改正会导致非线性变化增大，PRMS平均值为－0.11%；大气负载改正效果较弱，PRMS平均值为0.22%。在N、E、U 3分量上，非潮汐海洋负载改正非线性变化效果都不明显，PRMS平均值分别为0.33%，－0.2%，0.63%。ICA方法分离的IC2信号与IMLS大气负载形变的相关系数范围为－0.68～0.71，平均值为0.64，其中，大于0.65的GNSS观测站约占总数的73%，IC4信号与GRACE/GRACE-FO模型获得的水文负载形变相关系数范围为0.55～0.79，平均值为0.69，表明ICA方法分离的IC2信号、IC4信号可能与大气负载、水文负载引起的非线性变化相关，且进一步论证了GNSS坐标时序施加环境负载修正的必要性。

关键词: GNSS, 地球参考框架, 环境负载, 非线性变化, ICA

Abstract:

Investigating the nonlinear variations in GNSS coordinate time series can obtain a high-precision GNSS velocity fields, which contribute to establish and maintain a dynamic Earth reference frame. Here, we used the 94 GNSS stations data over the period January 2011 to December 2022 at Sichuan and Yunnan region and calculated the environmental loading deformation associated with hydrological loading, atmospheric loading, and non-tidal ocean loading, which provided by the IMLS and GFZ, respectively. We quantitatively evaluates the nonlinear changes in the GNSS 3D coordinate time series using PRMS that the percentage of RMS change after environmental loading correction. Finally, the ICA model was carried to separate the nonlinear signals in the vertical GNSS coordinate time series. The results show that the environmental loading products provided by IMLS outperforms the GFZ. The hydrological loading and atmospheric loading significantly correct nonlinear changes in vertical GNSS coordinate time series, with an average PRMS values of 8.66% and 6.74%, respectively. In the horizontal north (N) component, the hydrological loading can weaken the nonlinear changes in the GNSS coordinate time series, with an average PRMS values of 2.07%; while the atmospheric loading will increase the nonlinear changes, with an average PRMS values of -0.22%. In the horizontal east (E) component, the hydrological loading increase the nonlinear changes, with an average PRMS values of -0.11%; while the effect of atmospheric loading correction is weak, with an average PRMS values of 0.22%. For the NEU components, the effect of non-tidal ocean loading correction is not obvious in nonlinear changes of GNSS coordinate time series, with an average PRMS values of 0.33%, -0.2%, and 0.63%, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the IC2 signal separated by the ICA method and the IMLS atmospheric loading deformation range from -0.68 to 0.71 (greater than 0.65 accounting for 73% of all GNSS stations), with an average value of 0.64, while the correlation coefficients between the IC4 signal and the hydrological loading deformation obtained by the GRACE/GRACE-FO model range from 0.55 to 0.79, with an average value of 0.69, indicating that the IC2 and IC4 signals may be related to the nonlinear changes caused by atmospheric loading and hydrological loading, respectively. Furthermore, it is necessary to correct nonlinear changes in GNSS coordinate time series using environmental loading products.

Key words: GNSS, Earth reference frame, environmental loading, nonlinear changes, ICA

中图分类号:

P228

胡顺强, 陈克杰, 贺小星, 朱海, 王坦. 环境负载对川滇地区GNSS观测站三维坐标时间序列非线性变化的影响[J]. 测绘学报, 2025, 54(5): 805-818.

Shunqiang HU, Kejie CHEN, Xiaoxing HE, Hai ZHU, Tan WANG. The impact of environmental loading on nonlinear variations of 3D coordinate time series of GNSS stations in Sichuan and Yunnan region[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2025, 54(5): 805-818.

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相关性	最小值	最大值	平均值	中位值
GNSS＿IC2/GRACE＿HYDL	－0.18	0.39	0.23	0.23
GNSS＿IC2/IMLS＿HYDL	－0.13	0.20	0.12	0.13
GNSS＿IC2/IMLS＿NTAL	－0.68	0.71	0.64	0.67
GNSS＿IC2/IMLS＿NTOL	－0.36	0.52	0.39	0.39
GNSS＿IC3/GRACE＿HYDL	－0.55	0.59	0.06	－0.25
GNSS＿IC3/IMLS＿HYDL	－0.40	0.45	0.05	－0.17
GNSS＿IC3/IMLS＿NTAL	－0.13	0.18	0.03	0.02
GNSS＿IC3/IMLS＿NTOL	－0.13	0.14	0.02	0.12
GNSS＿IC4/GRACE＿HYDL	0.55	0.79	0.69	0.69
GNSS＿IC4/IMLS＿HYDL	0.50	0.64	0.59	0.60
GNSS＿IC4/IMLS＿NTAL	－0.11	0.26	－0.01	－0.04
GNSS＿IC4/IMLS＿NTOL	－0.15	0.01	－0.06	－0.06

环境负载对川滇地区GNSS观测站三维坐标时间序列非线性变化的影响

The impact of environmental loading on nonlinear variations of 3D coordinate time series of GNSS stations in Sichuan and Yunnan region

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参考文献 36

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机构	负载类型	模型	空间分辨率	时间分辨率/h
GFZ	水文负载	LSDM		24
	大气负载	ECMWF	0.5°×0.5°	3
	非潮汐海洋负载	EMPIOM		3
IMLS	水文负载	MERRA2		3
	大气负载	MERRA2	2′×2′	6
	非潮汐海洋负载	MPIOM06		3

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