Satellite gravity technology oriented towards data-scenario-model driven approach: developments, challenges and outlook

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20250274

Abstract

Abstract:

Satellite gravimetry, as a major breakthrough in modern geodesy, has demonstrated strong capabilities in capturing mass variations in the Earth's surface and subsurface layers. It has been widely applied in critical fields such as geodetic surveying, hydrological cycle monitoring, glacier mass balance, sea level change, and tectonic deformation. This study systematically reviews the evolution of gravity satellite missions from CHAMP and GRACE to GRACE-FO and Chinese gravity satellite programs, with a particular focus on next-generation satellite gravimetry missions and emerging trends in quantum-based gravity satellite concepts. Based on this, the study comprehensively summarizes the data processing pipeline from Level-0 to Level-3, key inversion methodologies, and science product development. Application cases are presented across hydrology, cryosphere, oceanography, seismology, and geoid refinement. Furthermore, major challenges in China's current gravimetry application system are identified, including data quality limitations, multi-source signal separation, lack of interpretability in AI-based models, and barriers to interdisciplinary integration. Finally, the study calls for synergistic innovation driven by “data-scenario-model” integration to support multi-satellite networks and high-precision modeling in service of national strategic needs and global sustainable development.

Key words: satellite gravimetry technology, Chinese gravity satellite, quantum gravity satellite

CLC Number:

P223

Jiancheng LI, Yunlong WU, Yibing YAO, Zhicai LUO. Satellite gravity technology oriented towards data-scenario-model driven approach: developments, challenges and outlook[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2025, 54(9): 1537-1560.

Figures/Tables 6

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数据处理级别	数据产品/工具名	平台名	发布源
L3	Land Water-Equivalent-Thickness/Ocean Bottom Pressure	PODAAC	https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/
L3	Mascon	PODAAC	https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/
L4	Antarctica/Greenland/Ocean Mass Anomaly	PODAAC	https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/
L4	GRACE（-FO）Data Analysis Tool	JPL	https://grace.jpl.nasa.gov/data/data-analysis-tool/
L3	Mascon	CSR	https://www2.csr.utexas.edu/grace/
L3	Mascon	GSFC	https://earth.gsfc.nasa.gov/geo/data/grace-mascons
L4	Trend	GSFC	https://earth.gsfc.nasa.gov/geo/data/grace-mascons
L4	Mascon Visualization Tool	CCAR	https://ccar.colorado.edu/grace/
L4	3D Visualisation	ICGEM	https://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/g3
L3/L4	Terrestrial Water Storage/Groundwater Storage/Ocean Bottom Pressure	GravIS	https://gravis.gfz.de/home
L4	The COST-G Plotter	COST-G	https://plot.cost-g.org/

应用领域		大地水准面/cm	重力异常/mGal	空间分辨率（半波长）/km
大地测量学	GPS水准	～1		100～1000
	统一高程水准	<5		50～100
	惯性导航系统		1～5	100～1000
	精密定轨		1～3	100～1000
固体地球物理学	地质构造移动		1～2	100～500
固体地球物理学	地震灾害		～1	100～1000
海洋学	小尺度	1～2		60～250
海洋学	洋盆尺度	<1		1000
冰川学	冰川的垂直运动	～2	1～5	50～200
水资源学	地表水/地下水		0.5～1	100～500