Positioning performance analysis and evaluation for standalone BDS receivers

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20240127

Abstract

Abstract:

China's BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) has completed its global constellation establishment and began to provide positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services to global users. Based on the early principle of multi-system compatibility and interoperability, in the current market all the mainstream GNSS receivers support multi-system satellite signal reception. In order to improve the autonomy and security of the BDS PNT services, the government departments have issued opinions on accelerating the research, development and promotion, utilization of homemade standalone BDS positioning terminals. Since the standalone BDS receiver can no longer rely on the guidance of other system's signals during signal acquisition, its hardware and positioning performance may be changed, thus it is urgent to evaluate the navigation and positioning performance of the homemade standalone BDS receiver. In this paper, the M300 Pro standalone BDS receiver is selected to carry out a series of test and evaluation experiments, and the hardware performance of the receiver such as time to first fix (TTFF), signal quality and observation noise are evaluated first. Then the positioning performance such as station coordinate estimation, single point positioning (SPP), precise point positioning (PPP), static baseline solution and real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning are analyzed and discussed by using the self-developed BDS precise data processing software platform named space Geodetic spatio-temporal data analysis and research software (GSTAR). The experimental results show that the cold TTFF of the selected standalone BDS receiver is lower than 40 s, the average ratio of the intact observation data is more than 95%, and standard deviations of pseudorange and carrier phase measurement noise are 0.051 7 m and 0.003 4 cycles, respectively, which is basically consistent with the hardware performance of multi-GNSS receivers at home and abroad. Using the selected standalone BDS receiver, the single-day solution precision of the horizontal directions of station coordinates is 3.5 mm and the up direction is 9.9 mm; the precision of 2.208 m in horizon and 2.502 m in vertical can be realized with single-epoch pseudorange SPP; the precision of horizontal directions of kinematic PPP with ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) is better than 3 cm and the up direction is better than 5 cm; the convergence time of the PPP-AR is better than 27 min; the repeatability accuracy of single-day solution for baselines shorter than 20 km is better than 0.7 cm in the horizontal direction and 1.8 cm in the vertical direction, and the RTK positioning accuracy for short baselines will not exceed 3 cm in the horizontal direction and 5 cm in the vertical direction. The homemade standalone BDS receiver has initially possessed the ability to independently provide reliable high-precision positioning services.

Key words: BDS, performance evaluation, signal quality, measurement noise, PPP, baseline solution, RTK positioning

CLC Number:

P228

Chuang SHI, Chenlong DENG, Lei FAN, Fu ZHENG, Tao ZHANG, Yuan TIAN, Guifei JING, Jie MA. Positioning performance analysis and evaluation for standalone BDS receivers[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2025, 54(1): 1-13.

Figures/Tables 20

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测站名系统		观测卫星总数	完好比/（%）	周跳数	连续完好比	信噪比均值/dB	多路径均值/m
DSCZ	BDS-2	14	89.21	3633	236.08	42.93	0.28
DSCZ	BDS-3	29	92.09	16 388	54.60	44.99	0.35
JXZF	BDS-2	15	97.42	4179	224.47	41.57	0.35
JXZF	BDS-3	29	91.75	15 608	57.17	44.74	0.43
WDKJ	BDS-2	15	99.94	114	8 436.25	41.70	0.25
WDKJ	BDS-3	29	99.39	4421	218.52	44.78	0.25
YHYY	BDS-2	15	99.12	1579	603.90	42.90	0.18
YHYY	BDS-3	29	98.64	17 451	54.93	46.06	0.20

标准差	B1I	B2I	B3I	B1C	B2a	平均
伪距/m	0.068 1	0.066 2	0.043 3	0.028 8	0.052 0	0.051 7
载波/周	0.002 4	0.002 3	0.004 5	0.002 6	0.005 5	0.003 4

测站	北	东	水平	高程
DSCZ	1.7	2.7	3.2	8.0
JXZF	1.8	3.2	3.7	10.6
WDKJ	1.6	2.4	2.9	10.9
YHYY	3.6	2.5	4.4	9.8
平均值	2.2	2.7	3.5	9.9

测站	平均卫星数	平均PDOP	PDOP≤3占比/（%）	定位精度/m
测站	平均卫星数	平均PDOP	PDOP≤3占比/（%）	北	东	水平	高程
DSCZ	12.59	2.238	92.9	1.901	1.027	2.160	2.779
JXZF	12.76	2.083	93.9	2.087	0.724	2.209	2.398
WDKJ	12.40	2.121	90.3	2.086	0.849	2.252	2.405
YHYY	12.19	2.429	80.2	2.077	0.758	2.211	2.427
平均值	12.48	2.218	89.4	2.038	0.839	2.208	2.502

基线	基准站	流动站	长度
A	YHYY	WDKJ	8.88
B	YHYY	DSCZ	13.36
C	YHYY	JXZF	20.11