A high-precision deformation monitoring method with GNSS multi-baseline solutions

doi:10.11947/j.AGCS.2025.20250245

Abstract

Abstract:

The GNSS deformation monitoring field faces dual challenges from increasingly complex monitoring scenarios and the shift toward low-cost equipment, where performance degradation occurs under signal obstruction, interference, or long baselines. To overcome these limitations, this study leverages spatiotemporal correlations in regional station networks to develop a high-precision method with GNSS multi-baseline solutions. We derive the analytical solution for this model, theoretically analyze the improvement in float solution precision with increasing numbers of monitoring stations, and validate its efficacy through simulated obstructed-environment tests and real-world application on Hangzhou Bay bridge. Results confirm that the approach significantly improves performance in complex conditions, delivering faster convergence, extended monitoring range, and streamlined parameters—highlighting its scalability and practical potential for engineering applications.

Key words: GNSS, deformation monitoring, ambiguity resolution, multi-baseline solutions

CLC Number:

P228

Bofeng LI, Long CHEN, Leitong YUAN. A high-precision deformation monitoring method with GNSS multi-baseline solutions[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2025, 54(12): 2116-2128.

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监测站	单/多基线解算	无遮挡			Q₁			Q₂			Q₃			Q₄
监测站	单/多基线解算	E	N	U	E	N	U	E	N	U	E	N	U	E	N	U
u₁	SB	0.8	0.6	2.7	1.0	0.7	2.6	0.8	0.7	2.7	0.8	0.9	2.6	1.0	0.7	3.3
u₁	MB	0.7	0.5	2.7	1.0	0.7	2.0	0.7	0.7	2.7	0.7	0.7	2.7	0.5	0.6	2.9
u₂	SB	0.5	0.7	3.0	0.9	0.6	2.9	0.5	0.7	3.2	0.5	1.0	3.3	0.9	1.2	4.4
u₂	MB	0.5	0.7	3.1	1.2	0.7	3.1	0.5	0.8	2.9	0.5	1.0	3.1	0.7	1.5	3.8
u₃	SB	1.0	0.8	3.9	3.3	1.1	4.1	1.2	1.3	4.1	1.3	1.4	4.0	1.4	0.7	6.7
u₃	MB	1.0	0.7	3.5	3.3	1.5	2.7	0.9	1.1	3.5	1.2	1.3	3.2	1.5	0.9	5.0

单/多基线解算	高度角			遮挡区域
单/多基线解算	15°	25°	35°	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
SB	55.85	68.27	91.14	55.85	47.85	49.26	62.41
MB	22.75	23.67	37.68	46.07	37.98	38.71	50.14

单/多基线解算	ratio			高度角			遮挡区域
单/多基线解算	2	3	4	15°	25°	35°	Q₁	Q₂	Q₃	Q₄
SB	196.58	209.67	210.87	165.89	193.06	273.10	323.04	249.04	284.13	341.34
MB	143.31	156.65	158.97	117.26	147.88	208.39	242.16	193.04	217.48	244.58

单/多基线解算	u₁	u₂	u₃
SB	94.6	96.8	93.9
MB	98.6	98.6	98.5

监测站	单/多基线解算	STD
监测站	单/多基线解算	E	N	U
u₁	SB	0.81	0.88	2.47
u₁	MB	0.65	0.78	2.09
u₂	SB	0.76	0.93	2.77
u₂	MB	0.63	0.75	2.32
u₃	SB	0.77	0.83	2.47
u₃	MB	0.64	0.75	2.08