Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 263-273.doi: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2024.20230277

• Ocean Satellite Altimetry • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Analysis of altimetry-derived sea surface observation anomalies for 2022 eruption of Tonga submarine volcano

LI Qianqian1, BAO Lifeng1,2, WANG Yong1,2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2023-07-07 Revised:2024-01-03 Published:2024-03-08
  • Supported by:
    The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42192535; 41931076); The Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2022CFB816)

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Abstract: On January 14 and 15, 2022, Tonga's submarine volcano erupted violently and caused a global tsunami, which attracted wide international attention. For the comprehensive observation of the marine environment anomalies caused by Tonga volcanic eruption, a method is proposed in this paper that the short-term and long-term effects of volcanic eruption on Marine environment are studied by using Jason-3 altimeter data. Aiming at the short-term effects, the repeated orbit of pass 186, which is closest to the volcano, is used to compare the observed values at different times to analyze the sea level change, significant wave height and ionospheric total electron content (TEC) anomalies during the volcanic eruption. The results show that the marine environment anomalies caused by the volcanic eruption can be observed by satellite altimetry. The volcanic eruption changes the sea level short-term, which is related to the changes of submarine topography, sterodynamic variability, and wave runup caused by volcanic activity. The volcanic eruption makes the significant wave height in some areas increase significantly, and the ionospheric TEC of pass 186 decreased significantly due to volcanic eruption. Aiming at the long-term effects, a 7-year regional mean sea surface observation time series from February 2016 to February 2023 in the study area was constructed, and the abnormal disturbance in the time series was detected by wavelet transform and singular spectrum analysis method. Then we analyzed the relationship between abnormal disturbance and volcanic activities, and inferred the long-term effect of volcanic eruption activities on marine environment. The results show that volcanic eruption may have a long-term effect on sea level change, the distribution of sea level anomaly is related to the location of subduction zone. Its effect is also coupled with that of EI Nino and La Nina events, so more data are needed for further analysis. In addition, the Tonga volcanic eruption has little influence on the long-term mean significant wave height and ionospheric TEC distribution in the study area.

Key words: Tonga volcano, satellite altimetry, sea level change, ionospheric anomaly, significant wave height

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